SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are a common type of antidepressant your doctor may suggest for depression, anxiety, OCD, or panic attacks. They raise serotonin levels in the brain by slowing its reuptake, which can help mood and reduce worry. That sounds simple, but knowing how they work, what to expect, and how to manage side effects makes a big difference.
Common SSRIs you’ll hear about include fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), and paroxetine (Paxil). Each one behaves a little differently: some last longer in the body, some may cause less drowsiness, and some impact sleep or libido more than others. If one doesn’t suit you, another often will.
Most people don’t feel full benefit for 4–6 weeks. Early effects can include better sleep, less anxiety, or small mood lifts before the full antidepressant benefit shows. Side effects often appear sooner: nausea, headache, jitteriness, or changes in appetite. These usually ease after 1–3 weeks. If side effects are severe or don’t fade, tell your prescriber — a dose change or a switch can help.
Watch for any increase in suicidal thoughts if you’re under 25; doctors monitor this closely. Also avoid mixing SSRIs with some other medicines or supplements — especially MAO inhibitors, certain pain medications, and St. John’s wort — because of the risk of serotonin syndrome (confusion, fever, rapid heartbeat, stiffness). If you get high fever, severe agitation, or muscle rigidity, seek emergency care.
Take your SSRI at the same time each day to build a routine. Some are best in the morning if they boost energy, others at night if they make you sleepy. Don’t skip doses and don’t stop suddenly — stopping abruptly can cause withdrawal-like symptoms: dizziness, electric shock sensations, flu-like feelings, or mood swings. Taper slowly under your doctor’s plan if you stop.
Expect to follow up after starting treatment — usually within 2–4 weeks — and then periodically. Your doctor will check symptom improvement, side effects, and may adjust the dose. If sexual side effects occur (lower libido, difficulty reaching orgasm), mention it — options include switching drugs, dose changes, or adding therapy.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding require special discussion with your clinician because risks and benefits vary by drug and by trimester. If you have liver or kidney problems, older age, or multiple medications, your provider will tailor the choice and dose.
SSRIs help many people, but they’re not a quick fix. Combine medication with therapy, sleep, activity, and support for best results. Got specific questions about a listed SSRI or interaction? Ask your clinician or pharmacist, and keep any medication list handy for safer care.
Jun, 13 2025